今天蘭州鋼結構廠(chang)行業領(ling)域小編為大(da)家分享(xiang)：

鋼結構彩鋼板板屋面漏水原因及防治措施

隨(sui)著(zhu)我國鋼(gang)產(chan)量(liang)的(de)(de)增長及(ji)國家對鋼(gang)結(jie)(jie)構產(chan)業政策的(de)(de)調整,鋼(gang)結(jie)(jie)構建(jian)筑的(de)(de)興建(jian)日益(yi)增多.輕(qing)型(xing)鋼(gang)結(jie)(jie)構建(jian)筑以其自重輕(qing)、抗震(zhen)性能好、施工快(kuai)和污染小(xiao)等獨(du)特的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)優勢，已經廣泛應(ying)用于工業廠房、庫房、體(ti)育館、展(zhan)覽(lan)管等工程項目(mu)中。但(dan)隨(sui)著(zhu)時間的(de)(de)推移(yi)，輕(qing)鋼(gang)房屋(wu)的(de)(de)彩鋼(gang)屋(wu)面(mian)出現(xian)滲漏(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)現(xian)象日益(yi)突(tu)出。板(ban)縫(feng)滲漏(lou)(lou)(lou)、天溝兩側板(ban)沿返水(shui)、采光帶與屋(wu)面(mian)板(ban)結(jie)(jie)合處滲漏(lou)(lou)(lou)、屋(wu)脊(ji)包件漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)等是普遍(bian)存在(zai)的(de)(de)現(xian)象，影響(xiang)彩色輕(qing)型(xing)鋼(gang)屋(wu)面(mian)防(fang)水(shui)質量(liang)的(de)(de)因素(su)很多，以下就從彩鋼(gang)屋(wu)面(mian)的(de)(de)構造、面(mian)板(ban)選材及(ji)連接形式、漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)原因、防(fang)治措施幾(ji)個(ge)方面(mian)簡(jian)要分(fen)析(xi)一下。  

   1． 彩(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)屋(wu)(wu)面的(de)(de)構(gou)造(zao)     彩(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)屋(wu)(wu)面由結構(gou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、保溫層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和面板(ban)(ban)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)構(gou)成，結構(gou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)以“C”型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)和“Z”型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)為(wei)主；保溫層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)現場(chang)(chang)填(tian)充時多(duo)為(wei)玻(bo)璃絲棉、巖棉，當(dang)保溫層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)聚苯或聚氨酯時，通常與彩(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)在工廠(chang)內預先復合(he)(he)成型(xing)（稱為(wei)彩(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)復合(he)(he)夾(jia)(jia)芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)）；面板(ban)(ban)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)主要有(you)彩(cai)色壓型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)、彩(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)復合(he)(he)夾(jia)(jia)芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)。     依據面板(ban)(ban)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)選用不同，彩(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)屋(wu)(wu)面可大致分為(wei)單層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)彩(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)屋(wu)(wu)面、雙板(ban)(ban)現場(chang)(chang)復合(he)(he)屋(wu)(wu)面和彩(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)復合(he)(he)夾(jia)(jia)芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)屋(wu)(wu)面。 

2．面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)選材及連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)     彩(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)彩(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或彩(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)復(fu)合夾芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。彩(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鍍鋅(xin)（或鍍鋁鋅(xin)）基(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)涂覆彩(cai)(cai)色涂層(ceng)后(hou)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)涂板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)軋制(zhi)成型(xing)(xing)。單(dan)層(ceng)彩(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)重(zhong)量輕、強度高(gao)、制(zhi)作安(an)裝方(fang)便，但導(dao)熱系數大，隔(ge)(ge)音效果差(cha)；對有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)保(bao)溫(wen)、隔(ge)(ge)音要求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)雙層(ceng)彩(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)間填充(chong)保(bao)溫(wen)材料（如(ru)玻璃(li)絲棉、巖(yan)棉等）或采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)彩(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)復(fu)合夾芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，彩(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)夾芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)為雙層(ceng)彩(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與保(bao)溫(wen)材料在工(gong)廠通過粘結劑預先復(fu)合成型(xing)(xing)，因(yin)此(ci)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)抗彎剛(gang)度高(gao)、整(zheng)體性能好等優點，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍越(yue)來越(yue)廣。     彩(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)基(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)厚(hou)度一(yi)般為0.3mm～1.0mm，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)后(hou)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)剛(gang)度和承載能力(li)，屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)外(wai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)應盡量選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)厚(hou)度較大、鍍鋅(xin)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)質(zhi)(zhi)量好的(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)軋制(zhi)，因(yin)為彩(cai)(cai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)過薄，經過一(yi)段時間的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，外(wai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)腐蝕或受(shou)溫(wen)度影響變形(xing)，板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材搭(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)縫增(zeng)大，容(rong)易造成漏(lou)(lou)水；而(er)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)基(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)鍍鋅(xin)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)質(zhi)(zhi)量不好時，涂層(ceng)太(tai)薄，致使壓(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命短，易銹蝕損(sun)壞造成雨(yu)水滲漏(lou)(lou)。屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)規格有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)YX25-205-820、YX25-210-840、YX75-380-760、YX48-410-820等多種(zhong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)型(xing)(xing)。屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)向連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)主(zhu)要是(shi)搭(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，即上坡板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下坡板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，搭(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)處設置專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)防(fang)水密封膠；屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)側(ce)向連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)搭(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、暗(an)(an)扣(kou)(kou)式(shi)(shi)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、咬合暗(an)(an)扣(kou)(kou)式(shi)(shi)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。搭(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)把壓(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)搭(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)邊重(zhong)疊，并(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自攻螺(luo)絲連成整(zheng)體，屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)螺(luo)釘(ding)外(wai)露，波峰均比較低。暗(an)(an)扣(kou)(kou)式(shi)(shi)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)先將(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)固定支(zhi)(zhi)座固定在屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)檁(lin)條上，再將(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與固定支(zhi)(zhi)座扣(kou)(kou)合，屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)無(wu)螺(luo)釘(ding)外(wai)露，由(you)于支(zhi)(zhi)座與檁(lin)條用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)螺(luo)釘(ding)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)而(er)無(wu)法控制(zhi)熱脹(zhang)冷(leng)縮的(de)(de)(de)變形(xing)。咬合暗(an)(an)扣(kou)(kou)式(shi)(shi)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)比較先進的(de)(de)(de)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)系統通過滑動(dong)支(zhi)(zhi)架來固定屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)利于屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)防(fang)水和保(bao)持屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體性，又能有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)因(yin)熱脹(zhang)冷(leng)縮引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)變形(xing)。 

3.漏水原因    導致彩鋼屋(wu)面漏水的因素很(hen)多，有(you)時候是多種因素共同作用(yong)導致的，歸(gui)結起來(lai)主要有(you)設(she)計因素、施工(gong)因素、使(shi)用(yong)維(wei)護因素三項。

（1） 設計因素   

1）建筑結構(gou)選(xuan)(xuan)型(xing)(xing)缺少(shao)綜合考慮(lv)      結構(gou)剛度(du)(du)小(xiao)(xiao)：輕鋼(gang)結構(gou)與普通(tong)鋼(gang)結構(gou)的(de)(de)不(bu)同之(zhi)處，在(zai)于(yu)其允許(xu)結構(gou)產生(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)變(bian)形，主要(yao)體現在(zai)梁的(de)(de)撓度(du)(du)和(he)柱的(de)(de)側(ce)移。一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，如果梁的(de)(de)撓度(du)(du)太大(da)(da)，會導(dao)致(zhi)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)水(shui)，而積(ji)水(shui)現象(xiang)的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)，又進一步加(jia)劇了(le)梁的(de)(de)撓度(du)(du)，從而導(dao)致(zhi)漏水(shui)更加(jia)嚴重(zhong)。另一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)柱頂側(ce)移太大(da)(da)，會導(dao)致(zhi)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)連接(jie)部位(wei)發(fa)生(sheng)錯位(wei)現象(xiang)，從而引(yin)發(fa)漏水(shui)，漏水(shui)的(de)(de)部位(wei)很難確(que)定(ding)，并且可能改變(bian)，所(suo)以維修十分困難。針對這些情況，設(she)計之(zhi)初(chu)應(ying)綜合考慮(lv)結構(gou)變(bian)形、屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)坡(po)(po)(po)度(du)(du)和(he)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)選(xuan)(xuan)型(xing)(xing)因(yin)(yin)素的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，排(pai)除(chu)漏水(shui)隱患(huan)。      坡(po)(po)(po)度(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)小(xiao)(xiao)：《門式(shi)(shi)剛架輕型(xing)(xing)房(fang)屋(wu)鋼(gang)結構(gou)技(ji)術規程》（CECS102:2002）中4.1.5條規定(ding)：門式(shi)(shi)剛架輕型(xing)(xing)房(fang)屋(wu)的(de)(de)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)坡(po)(po)(po)度(du)(du)宜(yi)取(qu)1/8 ～1/20，在(zai)雨水(shui)較(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)宜(yi)取(qu)其中的(de)(de)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)值。在(zai)實際(ji)設(she)計工程中，建設(she)單位(wei)為節省資金或感官造型(xing)(xing)原因(yin)(yin)要(yao)求(qiu)盡量減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)坡(po)(po)(po)度(du)(du)，而設(she)計單位(wei)往往生(sheng)搬硬套規定(ding)，不(bu)了(le)解當地(di)降雨量的(de)(de)實際(ji)情況，于(yu)是很多工程屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)坡(po)(po)(po)度(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)小(xiao)(xiao)，屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)雨水(shui)排(pai)泄(xie)不(bu)暢(chang)從而使得屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)水(shui)，造成屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)滲漏現象(xiang)的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。     板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)型(xing)(xing)選(xuan)(xuan)取(qu)不(bu)當：對于(yu)暗扣式(shi)(shi)和(he)咬(yao)合式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)型(xing)(xing)，由(you)于(yu)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)肋較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)且不(bu)漏螺(luo)釘(ding)，排(pai)水(shui)比較(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)暢(chang)，一般適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)坡(po)(po)(po)度(du)(du)比較(jiao)(jiao)平緩的(de)(de)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，通(tong)常(chang)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)坡(po)(po)(po)度(du)(du)為1∶20左(zuo)右(you)，最小(xiao)(xiao)坡(po)(po)(po)度(du)(du)可以做到1∶40。而搭接(jie)式(shi)(shi)彩鋼(gang)壓型(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)一般板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)肋較(jiao)(jiao)低，且螺(luo)釘(ding)外露(lu)，當屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)水(shui)波在(zai)風(feng)力作用(yong)(yong)(yong)下漫過(guo)(guo)(guo)波峰時(shi)，極易通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)縫和(he)釘(ding)孔造成滲漏，所(suo)以一般用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)坡(po)(po)(po)度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)陡的(de)(de)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，常(chang)見的(de)(de)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)坡(po)(po)(po)度(du)(du)在(zai)1∶10左(zuo)右(you)且單坡(po)(po)(po)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)不(bu)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)15m。屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材型(xing)(xing)號要(yao)根據泄(xie)水(shui)坡(po)(po)(po)度(du)(du)、坡(po)(po)(po)長(chang)(chang)合理選(xuan)(xuan)擇，坡(po)(po)(po)度(du)(du)小(xiao)(xiao)、坡(po)(po)(po)長(chang)(chang)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)應(ying)盡量選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)波高(gao)(gao)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)暗扣式(shi)(shi)或咬(yao)口式(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)型(xing)(xing)。在(zai)風(feng)力較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)，應(ying)盡量采用(yong)(yong)(yong)暗扣式(shi)(shi)或咬(yao)口式(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)型(xing)(xing)，因(yin)(yin)為搭接(jie)式(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)風(feng)力作用(yong)(yong)(yong)下板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)縫容易被掀(xian)開(kai)或發(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)形，加(jia)劇滲漏。   

2）排(pai)水(shui)(shui)組織不到位      內天(tian)溝(gou)設計缺(que)陷(xian)：許多工(gong)程實(shi)例(li)表明，內天(tian)溝(gou)兩(liang)側(ce)漏水(shui)(shui)是(shi)發生最為普遍的(de)問(wen)題，因而在排(pai)水(shui)(shui)組織設計時應(ying)優先選(xuan)(xuan)擇自(zi)由(you)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)或(huo)是(shi)外天(tian)溝(gou)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)，盡(jin)量(liang)避免采用內天(tian)溝(gou)。內天(tian)溝(gou)兩(liang)側(ce)漏水(shui)(shui)的(de)主要原因有天(tian)溝(gou)截(jie)面(mian)過(guo)小、厚(hou)度(du)過(guo)薄(bo)、缺(que)少溢流設計。天(tian)溝(gou)的(de)大小應(ying)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)計算屋面(mian)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)確定(ding)；天(tian)溝(gou)應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)用厚(hou)度(du)不小于3mm的(de)鋼板(ban)，厚(hou)度(du)過(guo)小時焊接時容易(yi)焊透形成(cheng)孔洞缺(que)陷(xian)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)漏水(shui)(shui)；內天(tian)溝(gou)在有條件時應(ying)設計溢流構造(zao)(zao)，即天(tian)溝(gou)溢滿之前通(tong)(tong)過(guo)低于天(tian)溝(gou)上沿(yan)的(de)溢流管（槽(cao)）泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)（見圖4），減小天(tian)溝(gou)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)力。      落(luo)(luo)水(shui)(shui)口(kou)太少：落(luo)(luo)水(shui)(shui)口(kou)太少時，天(tian)溝(gou)的(de)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)力較大，會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)天(tian)溝(gou)水(shui)(shui)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)與屋面(mian)板(ban)縫隙流入室內甚(shen)至(zhi)漫上屋面(mian)，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)事故；落(luo)(luo)水(shui)(shui)口(kou)的(de)數量(liang)和大小應(ying)依據屋面(mian)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)和天(tian)溝(gou)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)能(neng)力綜合計算確定(ding)。     

3）構(gou)(gou)造(zao)措(cuo)施不(bu)完(wan)善(shan)      彩(cai)鋼(gang)屋面滲(shen)(shen)漏(lou)的多數原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)構(gou)(gou)造(zao)措(cuo)施不(bu)完(wan)善(shan)造(zao)成的，設計(ji)者應(ying)首(shou)先(xian)熟悉鋼(gang)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)防水構(gou)(gou)造(zao)措(cuo)施的各種做(zuo)法，在設計(ji)實踐中靈活、科(ke)學運用。      檐口(kou)部位(wei)：檐口(kou)部位(wei)反水滲(shen)(shen)漏(lou)的主要原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)屋面外(wai)板(ban)(ban)與(yu)天溝沿之間未安裝泡沫堵頭，屋面外(wai)板(ban)(ban)波(bo)谷(gu)為向下彎折，當屋面坡度較小或檐口(kou)板(ban)(ban)端有反翹現(xian)象時，水流會沿屋面板(ban)(ban)波(bo)谷(gu)下沿反流進室內(nei)。解(jie)決辦法是(shi)在屋面外(wai)板(ban)(ban)下放置泡沫堵頭，且(qie)將(jiang)屋面外(wai)板(ban)(ban)的波(bo)谷(gu)下折30度。    

     屋(wu)(wu)(wu)脊部(bu)位：屋(wu)(wu)(wu)脊部(bu)位漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)原因主要有(you)(you)兩點，一是(shi)(shi)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)脊包件縱向(xiang)(xiang)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)采用(yong)拉鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)，熱脹冷縮和(he)風(feng)壓作用(yong)變(bian)(bian)形導致鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)松動(dong)隙變(bian)(bian)大(da)或(huo)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)斷落，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)，二是(shi)(shi)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)脊包件翻邊尺寸(cun)太小(xiao)，蓋板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)下(xia)(xia)沒有(you)(you)堵頭時(shi)(shi)，雨水(shui)(shui)在(zai)風(feng)力作用(yong)下(xia)(xia)流過屋(wu)(wu)(wu)脊處(chu)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)對接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積滲漏(lou)(lou)。解決(jue)(jue)辦(ban)法一是(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)脊包件的(de)(de)(de)翻邊長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)和(he)坡度(du)(du)，搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)處(chu)打(da)足密封(feng)膠(jiao)，二是(shi)(shi)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)脊包件與(yu)(yu)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)間(jian)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)與(yu)(yu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)型匹配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)泡沫堵頭，并適當(dang)將屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)端向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)彎折，防(fang)止雨水(shui)(shui)流入彩(cai)鋼板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui):彩(cai)鋼屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)有(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)(chang)向(xiang)(xiang)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)和(he)側(ce)(ce)向(xiang)(xiang)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),如雨水(shui)(shui)量過大(da)或(huo)水(shui)(shui)波在(zai)風(feng)力作用(yong)下(xia)(xia)沒過瓦波時(shi)(shi),容易形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui),且漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)點不(bu)(bu)易發覺,檢(jian)修(xiu)很困難(nan)。其(qi)主要原因是(shi)(shi)兩張(zhang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)長(chang)(chang)(chang)向(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)、側(ce)(ce)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之間(jian)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)緊、漏(lou)(lou)打(da)密封(feng)膠(jiao)等。解決(jue)(jue)辦(ban)法是(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)彩(cai)鋼板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)長(chang)(chang)(chang)向(xiang)(xiang)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)并在(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)打(da)足密封(feng)膠(jiao)（見圖(tu)6、圖(tu)7），在(zai)側(ce)(ce)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)打(da)膠(jiao)或(huo)填充丁基防(fang)水(shui)(shui)膠(jiao)帶（見圖(tu)8）。另設(she)計(ji)時(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)量避(bi)免板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材長(chang)(chang)(chang)向(xiang)(xiang)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，可采取現(xian)場軋板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)方案采光(guang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)部(bu)位：采光(guang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)安(an)裝(zhuang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)膠(jiao)泥鋪設(she)、防(fang)水(shui)(shui)螺釘(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)主要原因，另采光(guang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)型與(yu)(yu)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)型不(bu)(bu)匹配(pei)也(ye)易造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)。采光(guang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)縱向(xiang)(xiang)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)、未在(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)鋪設(she)膠(jiao)泥或(huo)膠(jiao)泥老化脫落時(shi)(shi)，雨水(shui)(shui)會在(zai)毛(mao)細水(shui)(shui)壓和(he)風(feng)壓作用(yong)下(xia)(xia)隨著(zhu)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)振動(dong)變(bian)(bian)形不(bu)(bu)斷壓進(jin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)內(nei)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)，采光(guang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)(yu)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)側(ce)(ce)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)嚴(yan)、自攻螺絲(si)錯誤施打(da)時(shi)(shi)，雨水(shui)(shui)會沿板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)或(huo)螺釘(ding)(ding)孔(kong)深入室(shi)內(nei)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)。解決(jue)(jue)的(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法是(shi)(shi)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)采光(guang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)長(chang)(chang)(chang)向(xiang)(xiang)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)并在(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)打(da)膠(jiao)密封(feng)，采光(guang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)側(ce)(ce)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)嚴(yan)禁在(zai)波谷打(da)釘(ding)(ding)，側(ce)(ce)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)打(da)密封(feng)膠(jiao)。以YX48-410-820咬(yao)口型屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)為例，采光(guang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)盡(jin)(jin)量選(xuan)用(yong)與(yu)(yu)波長(chang)(chang)(chang)相配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)25-205-820搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)式(shi)，因為咬(yao)口型采光(guang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)(yu)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)側(ce)(ce)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)處(chu)無法打(da)釘(ding)(ding)，很多時(shi)(shi)候施工(gong)人(ren)員將螺釘(ding)(ding)打(da)在(zai)波峰中(zhong)部(bu)或(huo)波谷處(chu)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)，經常采用(yong)且有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)措施見圖(tu)。

     屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)板與(yu)磚(zhuan)墻(qiang)交接(jie)部(bu)位：通常屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)板與(yu)磚(zhuan)墻(qiang)交接(jie)部(bu)位要設(she)泛(fan)水(shui)(shui)件(jian)(jian)，泛(fan)水(shui)(shui)件(jian)(jian)與(yu)墻(qiang)之間(jian)打膠(jiao)密(mi)封，但(dan)隨著膠(jiao)縫(feng)老化脫落、屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)振(zhen)動(dong)造成(cheng)泛(fan)水(shui)(shui)件(jian)(jian)變形等因素，泛(fan)水(shui)(shui)件(jian)(jian)與(yu)墻(qiang)之間(jian)經常出現(xian)拉開的裂縫(feng)，雨水(shui)(shui)直接(jie)流入縫(feng)內(nei)形成(cheng)滲漏。解決的辦法(fa)是(shi)仿照屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)卷材防水(shui)(shui)上翻的做法(fa)，在磚(zhuan)墻(qiang)上割出凹槽，將泛(fan)水(shui)(shui)件(jian)(jian)折邊嵌(qian)入槽內(nei)（見圖10），泛(fan)水(shui)(shui)件(jian)(jian)長向搭接(jie)縫(feng)內(nei)要做密(mi)封處理。               

     屋(wu)面開孔(kong)及出屋(wu)面裝置部(bu)位：該部(bu)位漏水的(de)主(zhu)要原因(yin)多是節點(dian)未進行防水處理，防水包(bao)件(jian)下未設(she)(she)(she)泡(pao)沫堵頭或打膠(jiao)不嚴(yan)，開孔(kong)四周(zhou)(zhou)預留(liu)范圍(wei)小，雨水流(liu)淌不暢(chang)(chang)，容易積水。解(jie)決的(de)辦法(fa)是：完善孔(kong)洞(dong)四周(zhou)(zhou)的(de)節點(dian)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)，設(she)(she)(she)置防水包(bao)件(jian)并鋪設(she)(she)(she)堵頭、密封(feng)膠(jiao)，四周(zhou)(zhou)預留(liu)范圍(wei)必須滿(man)足排水要求，增設(she)(she)(she)結構件(jian)減(jian)小孔(kong)洞(dong)周(zhou)(zhou)邊的(de)板(ban)材變形，整(zheng)體方案要求嚴(yan)密、平整(zheng)，使水流(liu)順暢(chang)(chang)。      連接(jie)(jie)細部(bu)構造防水：連接(jie)(jie)件(jian)主(zhu)要有自攻螺絲和拉(la)(la)鉚釘(ding)(ding)，連接(jie)(jie)打釘(ding)(ding)必須在(zai)屋(wu)面板(ban)的(de)波(bo)峰上，嚴(yan)禁在(zai)波(bo)谷(gu)和波(bo)峰中部(bu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)打釘(ding)(ding)。為(wei)防止自攻釘(ding)(ding)墊圈老化，最好在(zai)釘(ding)(ding)帽下增設(she)(she)(she)EPDM墊圈，在(zai)連接(jie)(jie)采光板(ban)時(shi)，自攻釘(ding)(ding)下應增設(she)(she)(she)馬(ma)鞍(an)形復合(he)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)墊，在(zai)所有拉(la)(la)鉚釘(ding)(ding)連接(jie)(jie)處均應設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)打膠(jiao)密封(feng)。

   （2） 施工因(yin)素      彩鋼屋面漏水許多時候(hou)不單(dan)單(dan)是設計(ji)因(yin)素，往往是施工單(dan)位在施工中違規操作造成的，所以嚴格控(kong)制施工質量也是鋼結構(gou)防水的一個重要(yao)方面。     

1）板材損壞(huai)造(zao)成(cheng)漏(lou)水(shui)      搭接式屋面(mian)壓(ya)型(xing)板在(zai)運輸及(ji)施工(gong)中(zhong)，因吊繩擠壓(ya)或認(ren)為碰撞極易造(zao)成(cheng)板邊變(bian)形，鋪設后搭接側縫張開，這時(shi)水(shui)波借著勢能(neng)從縫隙(xi)中(zhong)流入形成(cheng)漏(lou)水(shui)，還有就是施工(gong)中(zhong)不注意保護屋面(mian)，隨意踩踏(ta)，時(shi)屋面(mian)出現下凹、波峰塌陷(xian)甚至(zhi)開裂，造(zao)成(cheng)屋面(mian)積水(shui)、漏(lou)水(shui)。     

2）違(wei)(wei)規操作(zuo)造成(cheng)漏水(shui)(shui)      很多時(shi)候(hou)施(shi)工人員(yuan)在關鍵(jian)節點的(de)部位施(shi)工馬虎，是造成(cheng)漏水(shui)(shui)的(de)直接(jie)(jie)原(yuan)因。如(ru)防水(shui)(shui)包(bao)件搭接(jie)(jie)長度不(bu)夠、未按要(yao)求安(an)裝(zhuang)堵頭(tou)、打(da)(da)膠不(bu)足或(huo)漏打(da)(da)、包(bao)件安(an)裝(zhuang)后(hou)變形(xing)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)等，均在不(bu)同程度上(shang)增加(jia)了漏水(shui)(shui)的(de)幾率。自攻(gong)(gong)釘施(shi)打(da)(da)違(wei)(wei)規現(xian)(xian)象較為普遍，主要(yao)是施(shi)工中攻(gong)(gong)絲(si)力量過(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)、過(guo)輕，自攻(gong)(gong)螺(luo)(luo)絲(si)打(da)(da)歪、打(da)(da)偏等，這(zhe)些都可能使(shi)自攻(gong)(gong)螺(luo)(luo)絲(si)橡(xiang)膠墊片變形(xing)、脫(tuo)落(luo)或(huo)者釘下出現(xian)(xian)凹(ao)槽(cao)，造成(cheng)屋面多點漏水(shui)(shui)。另外(wai)，施(shi)工人員(yuan)在壓(ya)型板(ban)波(bo)谷(gu)或(huo)波(bo)峰中部違(wei)(wei)規打(da)(da)釘，也是引(yin)起(qi)漏水(shui)(shui)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)原(yuan)因之(zhi)一。鋼板(ban)天溝在焊接(jie)(jie)后(hou)通常要(yao)進行聚氨酯(zhi)防水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理，很多時(shi)候(hou)現(xian)(xian)場焊接(jie)(jie)質量不(bu)過(guo)關，存在漏焊、焊透、氣孔等缺陷，加(jia)之(zhi)聚氨酯(zhi)防水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理不(bu)嚴密，直接(jie)(jie)造成(cheng)內天溝的(de)滲漏。     

3）試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)不到位造成漏水(shui)        天溝在焊(han)接后(hou)應(ying)(ying)做(zuo)防水(shui)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，若發(fa)現漏水(shui)，需進(jin)行二次焊(han)接；屋面(mian)施工(gong)(gong)完畢后(hou)，應(ying)(ying)進(jin)行淋水(shui)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，發(fa)現漏點應(ying)(ying)及(ji)時整改；一些(xie)防水(shui)關鍵(jian)點在施工(gong)(gong)完畢后(hou)，施工(gong)(gong)隊(dui)和(he)現場管理人員應(ying)(ying)分別進(jin)行自(zi)檢和(he)抽檢，避免因為(wei)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)不到位而遺留滲漏的隱患。

（3） 使(shi)用因素       很多輕(qing)鋼屋(wu)面在(zai)最初建成的1到(dao)2年內為發(fa)生(sheng)漏(lou)水現(xian)象，而隨著(zhu)時間的推(tui)移，慢慢出現(xian)漏(lou)水點并不斷增(zeng)多，這表明輕(qing)鋼屋(wu)面的滲漏(lou)同(tong)樣有(you)使(shi)用維護的因素存在(zai)。     

1）屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)堆載或安(an)(an)裝設(she)(she)備(bei)造成滲(shen)漏(lou)      由于許(xu)多輕鋼屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)交付使用后(hou)，使用者隨意(yi)增加(jia)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)荷載，導致檁(lin)條或屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)變形后(hou)積(ji)水(shui)，有的(de)在(zai)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)增加(jia)太(tai)陽能、強制排風(feng)、升降機(ji)房等裝置，這些裝置與(yu)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)的(de)連接部(bu)位(wei)往往防(fang)水(shui)措(cuo)施不(bu)到位(wei)，造成滲(shen)漏(lou)的(de)發(fa)生。使用者在(zai)使用期(qi)間應(ying)嚴(yan)格控制屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)荷載在(zai)設(she)(she)計范圍內，不(bu)能隨意(yi)增加(jia)，如需在(zai)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)安(an)(an)裝設(she)(she)備(bei)時，須有完備(bei)的(de)防(fang)水(shui)處理(li)措(cuo)施并應(ying)有專(zhuan)業的(de)施工(gong)(gong)隊伍進行施工(gong)(gong)，這幾點應(ying)引起足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)重視。

2）天(tian)溝(gou)(gou)防(fang)水層(ceng)破壞造(zao)成(cheng)滲(shen)漏(lou)      由于輕鋼屋(wu)面(mian)的內天(tian)溝(gou)(gou)多為現(xian)(xian)(xian)場焊(han)接(jie)，收施(shi)工條件影響，很難做到(dao)天(tian)溝(gou)(gou)的焊(han)接(jie)平整，多數情況(kuang)下會出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)積(ji)水，這(zhe)樣(yang)很容易(yi)使天(tian)溝(gou)(gou)防(fang)水層(ceng)遭到(dao)破壞，使天(tian)溝(gou)(gou)及焊(han)接(jie)部位出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)銹蝕，一些薄弱環節便開(kai)始出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)滲(shen)漏(lou)。因此，天(tian)溝(gou)(gou)的防(fang)水層(ceng)應(ying)以1年為單位進行檢修維(wei)護，避免漏(lou)水的發(fa)生(sheng)。     

3）材(cai)料老(lao)化(hua)造成漏(lou)水      密封膠老(lao)化(hua)脫落、自攻(gong)螺絲墊圈老(lao)化(hua)脫落、采光板老(lao)化(hua)變脆(cui)的都是使用(yong)輕鋼屋面在(zai)使用(yong)過(guo)程中(zhong)容易(yi)出現的問題，針對這些情況，應定期檢(jian)查及時整改，避免漏(lou)水帶來的各(ge)種損失。     

4．防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)      彩鋼壓型板(ban)屋(wu)面的防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)應(ying)采取“以導為(wei)(wei)主、以堵為(wei)(wei)副、堵導結(jie)合(he)”的方(fang)針。在(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)計(ji)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)、使用過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)都應(ying)該引起足夠(gou)的重視，作為(wei)(wei)一項系(xi)統工(gong)程(cheng)來抓。在(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)計(ji)階(jie)段應(ying)綜(zong)合(he)考慮降(jiang)雨量、坡度、坡長、構件變形的多(duo)種因(yin)素，科學選(xuan)用壓型板(ban)規格(ge)，選(xuan)擇合(he)理(li)的天(tian)溝截面和足夠(gou)的落水(shui)(shui)點，同時(shi)應(ying)該出具詳細(xi)(xi)(xi)的細(xi)(xi)(xi)部防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)構造措施(shi)(shi)，從理(li)論環節(jie)排除漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)的可能性。在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)階(jie)段，應(ying)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)進行(xing)詳細(xi)(xi)(xi)的設(she)計(ji)交(jiao)底，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)進行(xing)監督(du)、檢查，發現(xian)問題(ti)及時(shi)整改，驗收應(ying)有(you)天(tian)溝閉水(shui)(shui)和屋(wu)面淋水(shui)(shui)試驗記錄，嚴把施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量關(guan)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)使用階(jie)段，應(ying)合(he)理(li)使用，定(ding)期檢修，及早發現(xian)漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)隱患并進行(xing)有(you)效整改。     

蘭州鋼結構廠行業領(ling)域小編(bian)結束語：彩(cai)鋼屋面的(de)(de)防(fang)水是(shi)一項系統工程，已經引起(qi)越來(lai)越多的(de)(de)人的(de)(de)重視，只(zhi)要做到設計(ji)完善、安裝規范、使用合理，是(shi)可以減少或避免漏(lou)水問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)發生(sheng)的(de)(de)。